Controls › Control Panels
Pump Panels
Pump control panels for water, wastewater, and booster service.
Written guides in this section
Full references, procedures, and diagnostic guides published under Pump Panels.
Duplex Pump Panels
The duplex control panel: two pumps on one wet well and the sections every duplex panel contains, from power and starters through level control, alternation, hand-off-auto, alarms, and the backup float circuit to telemetry, with the failure responses.
9 min readUpdated Sep 5, 2026
Triplex Pump Panels
The triplex control panel: three pumps on one wet well, the alternation schemes that keep three pumps evenly used, staging levels and standby logic, power, drives and their coordination, the backup circuit for three pumps, and what a duplex never decides.
8 min readUpdated Sep 5, 2026
Hand-Off-Auto Selectors
What each position of an HOA selector does, how it is wired into the starter circuit, which protections must survive Hand, what the controller should see, and the mistakes that let a pump run with nobody watching.
7 min readUpdated Sep 5, 2026
Variable Frequency Drives in Pump Panels
What a drive adds to a pump panel and what it costs: speed control, soft start, reduced inrush, and diagnostics against heat, harmonics, cable and motor stress, bypass, and the minimum speed below which a pump does no work.
11 min readUpdated Sep 5, 2026
Soft Starters
Reduced-voltage solid-state starters: how they ramp a motor, what they do for inrush, water hammer, and mechanical stress, where they beat a drive and where they do not, bypass contactors, and the settings that matter on a pump.
9 min readUpdated Sep 5, 2026
Alternation
Pump alternation at the panel level: what it is for, the alternator relay against controller logic, schemes from alternate-every-cycle to runtime balancing, manual lead selection, skipping a failed pump, alternation in the backup circuit, and the tests.
7 min readUpdated Sep 5, 2026
Topics in this area
Duplex
Duplex — practical reference notes for controls engineers, integrators, and technicians working with pump panels.
Triplex
Triplex — practical reference notes for controls engineers, integrators, and technicians working with pump panels.
Lead/Lag
Which pump runs first, when the second one joins, and how they trade places.
HOA
Hand-Off-Auto selector wiring and what the PLC should and should not see.
VFD
VFD — practical reference notes for controls engineers, integrators, and technicians working with pump panels.
Soft Starters
Soft Starters — practical reference notes for controls engineers, integrators, and technicians working with pump panels.
Alternation
Alternation — practical reference notes for controls engineers, integrators, and technicians working with pump panels.
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